How B12 Deficiency Is Diagnosed
A simple blood test measures your B12 levels. But levels alone don't tell the whole story. Some people have "normal" levels but still show symptoms.
Your doctor may also check:
-
Methylmalonic acid (MMA) – Elevated when B12 is low
-
Homocysteine – Elevated in B12 deficiency
-
Complete blood count (CBC) – Checks for anemia
How to Treat B12 Deficiency
Treatment depends on the cause and severity:
| Treatment | Used For |
|---|---|
| Oral B12 supplements | Mild deficiency; people who can absorb B12 |
| Sublingual (under the tongue) B12 | May be better absorbed by some |
| B12 injections | Severe deficiency; absorption issues |
| Dietary changes | Adding B12-rich foods |
B12-Rich Foods
| Food | B12 Content |
|---|---|
| Clams and oysters | Very high |
| Beef liver | Very high |
| Salmon, trout, tuna | High |
| Milk and yogurt | Moderate |
| Eggs | Moderate |
| Nutritional yeast | Often fortified with B12 |
| Fortified cereals | Variable |
For vegetarians and vegans: Look for fortified foods (plant milks, nutritional yeast, cereals) and consider supplementation.
When to See a Doctor
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